Rad54 subfamily
The archetype of the Rad54 subfamily is the Rad54
protein from S cerevisiae which was isolated because
its inactivation leads to increased sensitivity to
ionising radiation. Rad54p and its homologues in other
organisms play an important but as yet incompletely
understood role in homologous recombination by
stimulating Rad51-mediated single strand invasion into
the target duplex, and subsequent steps in the process
1, 2.
Many organisms also contain a second subfamily
member, such as S cerevisiae Rdh54p or S pombe tid1p.
These are frequently implicated in mitotic repair and
meiotic crossover 3, although the role
of the human homologue RAD54B is unclear 4.
Rad54 proteins have been extensively studied in
vitro. They have been shown to be able to generate
local changes in DNA topology in supercoiled plasmids
5, 6, 7, to translocate
along DNA by biochemical 8 and other methods,
and to alter the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA
9, 10, 8. However, this
latter activity appears inefficient compared to
purified complexes from the Snf2 and Iswi
subfamilies.
The crystal structure of the zebrafish Rad54
helicase-like region has recently been determined
11 as described in
the structures
section.
names associated with subfamily members
Rad54l, hRAD54, RAD54A, Rdh54p, RAD54B, Tid1, okr,
okra, mus-25
references
1: Tan, T. L., R. Kanaar,
et al. (2003). Rad54, a Jack of all trades in
homologous recombination. DNA Repair (Amst)
2(7): 787-94.
PubMed
2: Krogh, B. O. and L. S.
Symington (2004). Recombination proteins in
yeast. Annu Rev Genet 38: 233-71.
PubMed
3: Klein, H. L. (1997).
RDH54, a RAD54 homologue in Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, is required for mitotic
diploid-specific recombination and repair and
for meiosis. Genetics 147(4): 1533-43.
PubMed
4: Tanaka, K., W. Kagawa,
et al. (2002). Human Rad54B is a double-stranded
DNA-dependent ATPase and has biochemical
properties different from its structural homolog
in yeast, Tid1/Rdh54. Nucleic Acids Res 30(6):
1346-53.
PubMed
5: Petukhova, G., S. Van
Komen, et al. (1999). Yeast Rad54 promotes
Rad51-dependent homologous DNA pairing via ATP
hydrolysis-driven change in DNA double helix
conformation. J Biol Chem 274(41): 29453-62.
PubMed
6: Tan, T. L., J. Essers,
et al. (1999). Mouse Rad54 affects DNA
conformation and DNA-damage-induced Rad51 foci
formation. Curr Biol 9(6): 325-8.
PubMed
7: Van Komen, S., G.
Petukhova, et al. (2000). Superhelicity-driven
homologous DNA pairing by yeast recombination
factors Rad51 and Rad54. Mol Cell 6(3): 563-72.
PubMed
8: Jaskelioff, M., S. Van
Komen, et al. (2003). Rad54p is a chromatin
remodeling enzyme required for heteroduplex DNA
joint formation with chromatin. J Biol Chem
278(11): 9212-8.
PubMed
9: Alexiadis, V. and J.
T. Kadonaga (2002). Strand pairing by Rad54 and
Rad51 is enhanced by chromatin. Genes Dev
16(21): 2767-71.
PubMed
10: Alexeev, A., A.
Mazin, et al. (2003). Rad54 protein possesses
chromatin-remodeling activity stimulated by the
Rad51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament. Nat Struct
Biol 10(3): 182-6.
PubMed
11: Thoma, N. H., B. K.
Czyzewski, et al. (2005). Structure of the
SWI2/SNF2 chromatin-remodeling domain of
eukaryotic Rad54. Nat Struct Mol Biol 12(4):
350-6.
PubMed
